Thesis on Should Parents be Friends with Their Children

Introduction This paper takes the view that parents should not be friend with their children. Being friends with your children may prove to be a bad idea because these children may end up not respecting their parents because they take them as their friends. Parents who want to befriend their children may contribute to the problem because when they style themselves as their children’s buddies, they may find it so hard to enforce the standards and rules they have set. Being friends with your children may put a notion into the children’s mind that there is nobody who is in charge; they may think that all of them are equal, because in friendship no one has authority over the other. Thus it is not appropriate for parents to be friends with their children. Dewar states that when parents become friends with their children, they tend to treat them as a confidant which is a very big cost to the children as the children may be stressed out by the many personal confessions made by their parents. She goes on to say that friendship between the parents and the child depends on what friendship means to you. Friendship may cause problems when it means that you treat children as an adult confidant, but not all friendship will conform to the model of egalitarian where all are equal, these are the friendships that are considered healthy between a parent and the child. In this case the mother is first and foremost the mother to the children but she might as well consider herself as a friend because she shares a common sense of trust, mutual loyalty and respect with her kids. Here, the parent and the child respect, trust and care about each other they can sit down and enjoy each others company as well as having an interesting conversation in an infor mal setting. This however has certain restraints, the parent is the dominant party and has to keep some information to himself or herself and must at some point exercise authority over the child. (Dewar,2009) Parents at times want to be cool to their kids; they think that being cool will make it easier for their children to open up to them more than they would have if they were not cool. Being cool has it advantages and disadvantages, when a parent is too cool to the child; the child ends up thinking that he has all the freedom to do as he pleases and may end up making very bad choices and mistakes because their parents are cool and trust them. Being cool is good but it has to be to some extent, trusting your child is good but that trust should also be to some extent because a child would abuse that trust and make mistakes that may cost them and even their parents. In an article, Landers says that any good parent should have the best interest of their child at heart and would do everything to maintain the well being of their child. It is not realistic for a parent to be friends with their children because it is not a realistic concept of good parental care. A child needs a figure of authority that is very capable of showing them what is wrong and what is right. That is the most or almost the meaning of a parent. There is a line that should be drawn in parenting that should not be crossed. (Landers, 2005) Some parents are too lazy to perform parental duties to their children, they themselves are still kids or they got into parenthood while they are still too young or they just do not want to be responsible to their kids. Such kinds of parents are called the Not My Problem Parents; they tend to keep away from their children, even when the children make mistakes they prefer to distance themselves from the actions of their children. These parents try as much as possible to avoid responsibility. These kinds of parents are the ones who want to be friends with their children because with being friends they rest from being parents. (Hersage, 2009) When parents are friend with their children, the children use this to their advantage, they want to get their way into everything, whatever they want they get, if not so, they through temper tantrums to make their parents give them what they want even if it is something the parents can not afford, these kids have been raised in an environment that is not strict, the parents are their friends thus they tend to manipulate their parents into consenting into everything they want. Sometimes when a parent becomes a friend to the child or becomes lazy and not perform their parental duties, a child may be forced to fill in the gap the parent has left. The child may take up the responsibility of an adult and make decisions that he or she is not supposed to take because he or she is a confidant to the parent and thinks that the parent would not mind if they take up a certain responsibility. This may be dangerous because the child needs to be a child and do what a child should do, shouldering such kinds of responsibility may lead to the child not performing the parental duties when they become parents, they may become children when they are parents because they skipped that stage of childhood, also these children end up not following rules, they think they are equal to their parents and may want to do things against the rules set, they have in mind that their parents are their friends and would understand their behavior. Children need a very clear delineation that i s between the adult world and the child’s world, the problems, discussions, worries, emotions, responsibilities and issues of adults should only be kept among the adults. (Kellevision, 2009) In the quest to become the friends of their children, parents are portraying a bad image to their kids. In such a context the child is a confidant to the parent and the child can be very open to the parent, this creates some kind of equal ground between the two. This brings about very disrespectful kids because their parents are not setting a good example for them. A parent should be the authoritative party, he or she should set rules and make sure they are followed to the later, being a friend to the child will mean compromising the rules you have set, thus, the child will not take the parent seriously and will tend to be disrespectful. These children end up not having self respect because they were not taught about respecting themselves, their parents dwell so much in making friends with their children and forget that they are supposed to teach their children on self respect and discipline. The parents fear that if they are so strict with their children, they would not love them. T hese children end up being a big problem to the society at large. Boundaries need to be set by parents and make sure they are enforced to the latter. Without boundaries children tend to go as far as dropping out of school and having kids at an early age because their parents never set these boundaries. Parents need to tell their children how far they can tolerate their behavior if any child goes beyond that line; the parent needs to take appropriate measures. This will instill discipline in these children, when they want to make a decision they must consider their parents boundaries and the consequences that come with crossing these boundaries. Conclusion Parents should not be their children’s friends, they should first be parents take on the responsibilities of a parent and raise their children with the highest level of discipline that they can. Discipline is the key issue in raising a child, because with discipline a child grows with all the virtues needed in the day to day life. If a parent wants to be a friend to the child, he or she needs to set a limit to the friendship. Instead of being friends with your child, have an open relationship, where, when the child does something wrong, you discipline or correct her and when they have a problem listen to them without judging them and advice them where you can, this way the child will be open with you without compromising your parental responsibility. References Landers, J. (2005). Can Parents Be Best Friends With Their Children? Retrieved 30 November, 2010 from http://www.gibbsmagazine.com/Can%20Parents.htm Dewar, G. (2009). Parenting Science: Should Parents Be Friends With Their Kids? Retrieved 30 November, 2010 from http://www.parentingscience.com/parents-be-friends.html Hersage, M. (2009). Ineed2know.org: Why Some Parents Try To Be Friends of Their Teenagers Instead of Parents. Retrieved 30 November, 2010 from http://www.ineed2know.org/children/parents-or-friends.htm Kellevision. (2009). Children Need Parents, Not Friends. Retrieved 30 November, 2010 fromhttp://www.kellevision.com/kellevision/2009/08/children-need-parents-not-friends.html

Presidents Commission on the Status of Women 1961-1963

December 14, 1961 - October, 1963 While similar institutions with the name Presidents Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW) have been formed by various universities and other institutions, the key organization by that name was established in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy to explore issues relating to women and to make proposals in such areas as employment policy, education, and federal Social Security and tax laws where these discriminated against women or otherwise addressed womens rights. Protecting Women's Rights Interest in womens rights and how to most effectively protect such rights was a matter of growing national interest. There were more than 400 pieces of legislation in Congress which addressed womens status and issues of discrimination and expanding rights. Court decisions at the time addressed reproductive liberty (the use of contraceptives, for instance) and citizenship (whether women served on juries, for example). Those who supported protective legislation for women workers believed that it made it more feasible for women to work. Women, even if they worked a full-time job, were the primary childrearing and housekeeping parent after a day at work. The supporters of protective legislation also believed that it was in societys interest to protect womens health including womens reproductive health by restricting hours and some conditions of work, requiring additional bathroom facilities, etc. Those who supported the Equal Rights Amendment (first introduced in Congress soon after women won the right to vote in 1920) believed with the restrictions and special privileges of women workers under protective legislation, employers were motivated to higher fewer women or even avoid hiring women altogether. Kennedy established the Commission on the Status of Women in order to navigate between these two positions, trying to find compromises that advanced the equality of womens workplace opportunity without losing the support of organized labor and those feminists who supported protecting women workers from exploitation and protecting womens ability to serve in traditional roles in the home and family. Kennedy also saw a need to open the workplace to more women, in order to have the United States become more competitive with Russia, in the space race, in the arms race — in general, to serve the interests of the Free World in the Cold War. The Commission's Charge and Membership Executive Order 10980 by which President Kennedy created the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women spoke for womens basic rights, opportunity for women, the national interest in security and defense of a more efficient and effective utilization of the skills of all persons, and the value of home life and family. It charged the commission with the responsibility for developing recommendations for overcoming discriminations in government and private employment on the basis of sex and for developing recommendations for services which will enable women to continue their role as wives and mothers while making a maximum contribution to the world around them. Kennedy appointed Eleanor Roosevelt, former US delegate to the United Nations and widow of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, to chair the commission. She had played a key role in establishing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and shed defended both womens economic opportunity and womens traditional role in the family, so she could be expected to have the respect of those on both sides of the protective legislation issue. Eleanor Roosevelt chaired the commission from its beginning through her death in 1962. The twenty members of the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women included both male and female Congressional representatives and Senators (Senator Maurine B. Neuberger of Oregon and Representative Jessica M. Weis of New York), several cabinet-level officers (including the Attorney General, the Presidents brother Robert F. Kennedy), and other women and men who were respected civic, labor, educational, and religious leaders. There was some ethnic diversity; among the members were Dorothy Height of the National Council of Negro Women and the Young Womens Christian Association, Viola H. Hymes of the National Council of Jewish Women. The Legacy of the Commission: Findings, Successors The final report of the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW) was published in October 1963. It proposed a number of legislative initiatives but did not even mention the Equal Rights Amendment. This report, called the Peterson Report, documented workplace discrimination, and recommended affordable child care, equal employment opportunity for women, and paid maternity leave. The public notice given to the report led to considerably more national attention to issues of womens equality, especially in the workplace. Esther Peterson, who headed the Department of Labors Womens Bureau, spoke about the findings in public forums including The Today Show. Many newspapers ran a series of four articles from the Associated Press about the commissions findings of discrimination and its recommendations. As a result, many states and localities also established Commissions on the Status of Women to propose legislative changes, and many universities and other organizations also created such commissions. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 grew out of the recommendations of the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women. The Commission dissolved after creating its report, but the Citizens Advisory Council on the Status of Women was created to succeed the Commission. This brought together many with a continuing interest in various aspects of womens rights. Women from both sides of the protective legislation issue looked for ways in which both sides concerns could be addressed legislatively. More women within the labor movement began to look at how protective legislation might work to discriminate against women, and more feminists outside the movement began to take more seriously the concerns of organized labor in protecting womens and mens family participation. Frustration with progress towards the goals and recommendations of the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women helped fuel the development of the womens movement in the 1960s. When the National Organization for Women was founded, key founders had been involved with the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women or its successor, the Citizens Advisory Council on the Status of Women.

How Internet Slangs is Affecting Language - 655 Words

In Yin Yan’s World Wide Web and the Formation of the Chinese and English Internet Slang Union(2006), Internet slangs refers to â€Å"a variety of slangs languages used by different communities on the Internet.† According to the page â€Å"what is slangs?† on wiseGEEK, â€Å"slang is casual spoken language which differs from dialectical speech and jargon as well as formal speech†. Besides, slangs are appalling, bawdy, or humorous. Slangs generally spread through a group of people and may proliferate across a region. Based on above, we come up a definition of Internet slangs: Internet slangs are variety of casual language used on Internet, usually first spread through a group of people. 1.2 Origins of Internet Slangs With reference to an article â€Å"Web Jargon Origins Revealed† by David Daw, the origins of many Internet slangs remains a mystery. It is because many of them originated back in the early days of the Internet before they were cautiously indexed and saved by Google. Therefore, it may be impossible to find the first user of slangs. However, some slangs have a clearer origin that even predate the Internet culture that made them famous. 1.3 Types of Internet Slangs Combing ideas from different references, Internet slangs are divided into eight main types: Types Explanation Examples 1. Letter homophones - abbreviation: a shortening of a word - acronym: a subset of abbreviations and are formed from the initial components of a word CU(see you) LOL(laugh out loud), BTW(by the way) 2.Show MoreRelatedTexting And Its Effect On Society1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe English language has evolved even though it hasn’t been around for very long. One thing that the modern people benefits is technology, calling, Skyping, and texting. Texting is a huge influence on almost everyone. So is texting affecting the people and the way that English is evolving? Is it helping to evolve English? How many messages are sent or received each day? 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This is a the media emotionally affecting people in the U.S. this commercial positively affects the U.S. because we work on together to fight something as big as world hunger. These commercials also inform us a little of the culture of that area and as to why the poverty is happening inRead MoreWe Built This City On Sausage Rolls1703 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequences to the welfare of a person? What if the barriers of language are the cause? Today, I will explore problems originating from the language barrier by first tuning into the *bass*ic international communication issues, then ask my audience to listen for the off-key underlying societal attitudes, and finish by singing out a surprising solution. Tuning into the *bass*ic issues within international communication, it would seem like language barriers are breaking down with all these new fancy translation

Art of the Italian Renaissance - 1394 Words

One of the greatest stories from the Italian Renaissance is the one of Fillipo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti. In 1401, the directors of the art of the Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral held a contest for artists; to create panels for a the doors on the east entrance (Kleiner, 560-2). Because the east doors faced the cathedral, the people thought it extremely prestigious to be able to participate in such a massive creation. After the first competition round, two finalists remained; Brunelleschi, an accomplished and experienced artist, and Ghiberti, a younger artist, but one with just as much talent. The two competitors were required to create a panel (or square) of Abraham readying to sacrifice Issac. Before reading which was which,†¦show more content†¦It is said that history repeats itself, and in some instances this is true. Many Savonarola situations happened around the world, but one in particular stood out to me as I have read about it before. The Boxer Rebelli on, which occurred in China from 1899 to the early 1900s. A large part of the Western world considered China as less developed than them, despite the fact that China had existed long before these countries. Certain people in China grew very tired of being treated as underlings as they felt that the people of the western world were taking advantage of them. Because of this a secret alliance began; a dangerous union which grew into a desperate attempt to purify China from all western thought. Hence the Boxer Rebellion, which was a formation of young people bent on destroying any and everything to do with western thought. Like the situation involving Savonarola and the destruction of classical texts, participants in the rebellion harmed and killed many missionaries, destroying homes, people, and even hospitals; they burned a racecourse built by the English, and were involved in many lengthy battles. 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The Legacies Left Behind from Ancient Rome Free Essays

From ancient times, Rome’s legacies are still the greatest known to man today. Throughout the western world the influence of Roman power is still manifest. The impact of Rome has furthered our society into an effective and successful modern world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Legacies Left Behind from Ancient Rome or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without the advanced structure of buildings and a thorough law process, who knows how different our lives and world would be. The great arches, the high statues and buildings, all come from Roman background. The law process we use to this day is based on the Ancient Roman law format. Although some of the legacies carried on from the Romans weren’t all great i. e. lavery, the good outweighed the bad. Architecture was crucial to the success of Rome, from temples to bridges to aqueducts, every building got more advanced (Suny Oneonta, 2012). As the Roman power grew over an immense area, the Romans built aqueducts to carry adequate amounts of water to all its cities. This has now been implemented underground all over the world and is called plumbing. Many cities around the world still contain amphitheatres. In Ancient Rome amphitheatres acted as arena’s in which spectacles were staged for entertainment. The grandest amphitheatre, most famously called the Colosseum is still standing today. Triumphant arches like the Arch of Titus or the Arch of Trajan, were to signify great military triumphs and now the structure of the arch is used worldwide. The tradition of Roman architecture has had a very important effect on America. For example, the U. S Supreme Court building in Washington is directly based on the Roman temple type. This particular building related to the Romans all the way down to the white marble, which signifies Roman authority. In Rome there was a building called the ‘Basilica’, this building was the town hall but was commonly used as a courthouse. Like courthouses today there was an apse where the magistrate sits to control the courthouse and dispense the law (Wikipedia, 2012). Not only have we kept alive the building structure of the Ancient Roman courthouse (Wikipedia, 2012), we have kept the law process too. Although the Roman law is no longer applied in legal practice, the basis of our laws today derive from the Roman traditions (UNRV, 2012). Modifications have been made to suit society as it grows, a coherent system was put in place and laws are written in the national language. Today’s legal system has a Roman eritage and knowledge of Roman law is indispensable to understand the legal systems of today. In Ancient Rome slavery played a big part, whether the Romans owned a slave or whether they were one themselves. Slaves were people captured in battles, which were then sold and forced to work for whoever owned them. Abandoned children were also bought up as slaves. Slaves weren’t all the same prices dependin g on the age or skill, some were more expensive than others, but all could be bought at the same market place. In Rome a slave is a slave for life. However a slave could acquire freedom from their owner or if they bought it themselves. A rich man could have as many as 500 slaves and an emperor usually had more than 20,000. Even after Rome passed its days of greatness, it was thought that at least 25% of the population of all people in Rome were slaves (History Learning Site, 2012). This is one of those legacies society could have gone without, although slavery was abolished around 100 years ago, equality is a very big part of today’s contemporary world and this was a very big part of the world 100 years ago (Wikipedia, 2012). All in all, if you weigh the good and the bad legacies left behind from Rome, there has been a much greater positive impact on today’s contemporary world than a negative one. Although slavery is something the world should be ashamed of, the buildings, the structure, the law process and the language are only some of the great legacies that have shaped our modern world. It doesn’t make up for the long history of equality, but without the majority of the legacies from Rome our world wouldn’t be as successful and effective as it is today. Without Rome and its legacies, the contemporary world wouldn’t be the same. We would know no different, but imagining the world without these significant details is so challenging because we all live our lives with some basis of Rome. Whether it is the plumbing in a house. Whether it is the arches on a front porch. Whether it is the federal courthouse or the legal system and law process. Rome and its power never really faded because it still affects humanity today, the legacies Rome left behind affect all of us in some way. Bibliography History Learning Site, 2012, Roman Slaves, 2nd September 2012, http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/roman_slaves. htm Kpn, 2008, Roman Law, 1st September 2012, http://home. kpn. nl/otto. vervaart/roman_law. htm Rathborne, M. Panczyk, P. Neale, T. Discovering World History Stage 4, 2008, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne. Suny Oneonta, 2012, Roman Power/Roman Architecture, 30th August 2012, http://employees. oneonta. edu/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/roman_architecture. html ThinkQuest, 2011, Government – The Monarchy and Early Rome, 1st September 2012, http://library. hinkquest. org/26602/republic. htm UNRV History, 2012, Ancient Roman Laws, 5th September 2012, http://www. unrv. com/government/laws. php Webmaster, 2012, Legal Roles – Then and Now, 1st September 2012, http://www. dl. ket. org/latin3/mores/legallatin/legal02. htm Webmaster, 2012, The Roman Legal System, 2nd September 2012, http://www. dl. ket. org/latin3/mores/legallatin/legal01. htm Wikipedia, 20 12, Architecture of Rome, 30th August 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Architecture_of_Rome Wikipedia, 2012, Roman Law, 3rd September 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Roman_law How to cite The Legacies Left Behind from Ancient Rome, Essay examples

eBusiness Systems

Question: Evaluate how eBusiness helps achieve maximum performance. Answer: The Business industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world as the whole market is going through the terms of business only and not only of one type but various kinds of markets is going on globally. Companies involved in this industry do not have monopoly in the market that is for a single good there are so many companies working to get maximum profit. The basic and major goal of any business is to earn maximum profit among others present in the market worldwide. In this run, the industry has to grow with the environmental need and to the needs of customers too. Todays era of marketing is going global that means to do trading or say commerce which means business in terms of Internet which is a huge library of information and has a great influence on our society, government and commerce and that is word we call it as ecommerce or eBusiness. When the term commerce comes, it refers to buying and selling of a product. We can see this business all around us in various forms. There are three factors say people are included in this the process of eBusiness and they are producers, sellers, and buyers. Producers are the part where different kinds of products or items and services are produced. Sellers are the ones who sell goods and provide service to people. Buyers are the people involved in purchasing those goods and services produced and sold on upper levels. We can take an example of Amul products as to describe the role of producer, seller and buyer- Producer- Amul produces Amul Chocolates Seller- Shopkeeper in the neighborhood sells it Buyer- people around who purchase those chocolates. Hence we can say that eBusiness refers to buying and selling any good using the Internet technology. Many companies have made up their websites to give customers a platform to interact with their products, like them and can shop them from their homes in highly easy manner with various advantages which are as follows- No need of going to showrooms or shops with your bags. No need to carry cash from home having a fear of losing them if you have a large amount in your hands. No need of taking the help of a sales person to search the item manually into the store. No time barrier along with the barrier of geographical conditions of various locations. We can buy product from anywhere in world just sitting home. Small industries can also be available global. A lot of time, money and effort can be saved. Now the question comes in mind that how would these transactions take place from the company website to the home of customer without having any physical platform between them. The answer is the functioning of eBusiness system. EDI which means Electronic Data Interchange is a term providing the base of eBusiness for the exchange of information between systems without errors enabling the common language between the systems of both the sides included in the transaction. Internationally, the standard format of electronic documents is acceptable for the electronic messages for giving the facility of communication between any buyer, supplier or customer globally all over in the world. All organizations included in eBusiness do not get success or failure as a guarantee. It depends on their strategy they have applied to to get their eBusiness system run and earn maximum profit. For the conclusions, we can take the case studies of various industries like- LG Electronics (used oracle as ebusiness tool), Kalahari, OBS i.e., online business system and Amazon. LG Electronics in Seoul, Korea uses a high technology and has a strength of employees over eighty thousand. It has improved in database management systems with the help of oracle in its every field of products and services oracle financials, oracle manufacturing, oracle customer relationship management etc. According to the chief Human resource Officer of LG Electronics, a proper management of human resources in the company can only lead to success. It has installed oracle eBusiness suite in the head quarter among thirty nine countries and now successfully stepping forward to migrate worldwide having same oracle managed systems soon. In 2002, when the company started working on human resources, it used oracle modules of human resources to get replaced with simple HR applications which were in use in its subsidiaries. Later on, the efficiency of the company got standardized by lowered costs after the introduction of self service HR functionality and the facility for the employees and customers to learn more through online mode. Also boosted up the satisfaction of the employees and their satisfaction for using self service options and online training was yet not accepted by the staff hence they provide the facility of easy learning through online systems to great familiar with the new system. As the time passed with the ease of employees, their satisfaction also got increased with the time with boosted knowledge and online trainings done periodically. As a result, LG Electronics is a long term user of Oracle products and services for the efficient eBusiness done through it. South African eBusiness organization got successful in the environment of e-marketing even after many complexities. Various high failures reports of eBusiness has been noticed in this decade because of the development of .com websites for the online business along with the misconceptions about the ease of marketing through online that could be done. South Africa did not know much about the concept of ecommerce and many initiatives proven to be very disappointing in this field like Woza, a successful online company got suddenly shut down. Kalahari sells CDs, DVDs, videos, health goods etc. They started working on ecommerce strategy as it was on a great hike that time and as it was a famous store of books, graduation students started reading books online as an open book but the failure was occurred and large amount of potential loss happened to that company. Then the head of book club started observing the real means of ebusiness and then relaunched its online website working with a more experienced and skillful team and noted a marked growth in the history and became a biggest store dealing with over two laces customers. It was observed that ecommerce is a direct business of marketing and development was done accordingly. OBS refers to Online Business Systems is a company having seven offices in the area of North America. When online facility was not available it used the spreadsheet and databases to manage billing and information for delivering the projects. This manual process of filing sheets and managing the data was very time consuming and made people bored doing such jobs and leads to decrement in its position in the market. Hence OBS stated looking for a way that could simplify all its needs and can make a better solution to improve the relationships with customers. Later on, after trial of various software OBS selected replicons web timesheet as the solution for their ebusiness caused a huge time reduced in doing large amount of operations, productivity was also increased with better accuracy and also the expenses got reduced up to some extent. Amazon is one of the largest retail online stores well known globally and it has more than forty kinds of goods to be sold starting from books, grocery to accessories and health products. The success rate of Amazon was not achieved in a day or two; it faced a lot of success as well as failures. There are various salient features of this online marketing store as an attractive interface for the customers, fast and easily available goods, easy return and cash back policy etc. It made them reliable among the customers. Amazon was started in 1994 and aimed to market share not earning profits till 2001. According to the studies it was shown that Amazon faced many lawsuits and auction suites which were proved to be unsuccessful in their path. In 2007 when Amazon MP3 was launched, an organic growth was not made yet I terms digital rights management. Many book reviews and authors did not supported the marketplace of Amazon as their services to be sold online but kindle, an eBook reader of Amazon made them a success story who inspired others to take part in the online marketing strategy and call others customers towards this ebusiness process of Amazon. Moving towards the conclusion after having the knowledge of case studies of these companies that their basic focus was on skillful employees, customer relationship management and optimum use of resources available to earn maximum profit with the flexible environment of changing their business online from a simple manual shopping store and how they became a renowned ebusiness holders in spite of up and down graph of their success and failure but finally came into existence as a successful ebusiness organizations. References 1. Beynon-Davies P. (2004). E-Business. Palgrave, Basingstoke 2. Small Business E-Commerce Resources 3. Graham, Mark (2008). "Warped Geographies of Development: The Internet and Theories of Economic Developmen 4. https://www.replicon.com/online_business_systems-success-stories 5. Chaudhury, Abijit; Kuilboer, Jean-Pierre (2002). e-Business and e-Commerce Infrastructure 6. https://www.top10erp.org/oracle-e-business-suite-lg-electronics-case-studies-22 7. "E-commerce will make the shopping mall a retail wasteland" ZDNet, January 17, 2013 8. Paul Timers, (2000), Electronic Commerce - strategies models for business-to-business trading 9. Kotler, Philip (2009). Marketing Management. Pearson: Prentice-Hall. 10. Beynon-Davies P. (2004). E-Business. Palgrave, Basingstoke. 11. www.ejise.com 12. https://www.ecommerce-digest.com/Amazon-case-study.html

Operations and Manufacturing Quality Management

Question: Discuss about the Operations and Manufacturing Quality Management. Answer: Introduction The assignment focuses on the specific operational process of an organization in order to satisfy customer needs. The chosen case study is CSR Sifang Co Ltd, headquartered in China. This company is a rolling stock manufacturer of passenger coaches, bi-level cars, diesel locomotives and others. CSR Sifang Co Ltd has presence in many countries such as US Singapore, Argentina. This company supplies locomotive parts to various countries. This company manufactures high sped trains, metro car and even permanent magnet straddled type monorail. Main customers of this company are Metro railway authority, Railways authority, monorail authority, land transport authority of different countries. The assignment starts discussion with two operational processes that are needed to follow by CSR Sifang Co Ltd in order to bring efficiency. This company has faced challenges regarding manufactured products in the overseas. Efficient quality management and operational process may improve the service quality. ITO framework is used to present brief description of the resources, transforming activities and the desirable outputs (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully 2013). IT outsourcing process addresses the requirements of suppliers and customers. Literature review section highlights the theories relating to quality management in operation and ITO framework. This paper also finds out the problems regarding ITP framework and their effect on the company followed by the recommendation for quality improvement. Description of the process In the view Parast and Adams (2012), operational process for a manufacturing firm has four main components such as inputs, output, resources and activities. Two processes can be mentioned such as total quality management (TQM) and six sigma, for improvement of production quality and service delivery in order to achieve customer satisfaction. As described by Mortimer and Mortimer (2015), total quality management is a process where the firm has to maintain total productivity in order to get long-term success for customer satisfaction. Mitra (2016) mentioned that total quality management involves several processes such as integrating quality into designing process, upgrading software system, employee training and product manufacturing process. Product manufacturing system involves the employment of inputs or resources, transformation of inputs into final good and the output (Nicolay et al. 2012) Total quality management process with product manufacturing system Input Transformation Output Feedback Customer issues invitation to tender for the suppliers Suppliers produce an outline design of the product as per buyer needs. Adaptation of standardization on the product design If preliminary design is accepted, decisions are taken for purchasing resources needed for rolling stock. . Need to sent for configuration control procedure Sheet steel for auto manufacturing Sheet steel is processed through deformation, bending steel, drawing into a curved shaped, stamping, extrusion and forging. Processed steel with specific shape that can be used in car or other automotive manufacturing. Car parts, , gas tanks, rear axles and drive shafts, gear boxes, steering box components, wheel drums, braking systems are installed. All the parts are assembled using pneumatically assisted tools. Parts are assembled for the final product Quality of all parts needs to be checked through quality control process. Paints are required for the assembled parts. All parts are painted for the final stage of production. Painted parts All assembled parts, gasoline, battery, tires, antifreeze. All parts are transformed into final cars Car prepared as a finished product Final audits are done at this stage regarding quality of service. Delivery of the final product to the distributors Various transportation modes and effective use of logistics Delivery of cars to the local and international distributors Value speed service is needed to check Table 1: Product manufacturing system (Source: created by author) Second ITO process for the manufacturing unit Activities Input Transformation Output/ service Feedback Refining steel Components, equipments, building, labour and energy These inputs are transformed into spares parts through skill and information used by labours. spare parts Quality checking of those parts Assembling locomotives Spare parts of the locomotives Wheel and traction motor assembly process Rail bogie This process needs a traction motor test, which is controlled by control panel. Delivering locomotives to dealers Locomotives Water transport mode for export Export goods to the other countries Collects feedback regarding quality of the product Repairing locomotives Defects locomotives Treatment of the defect materials Repairing the products Quality audit The ITO model shows the link between the input and the output. The model depicts the effectiveness of the resource utilisation in producing desirable outcome. Manufacturing activity of a product is associated with various activities such as product designing, tendering, and approval of design, manufacture of several parts of the car, coaches and others (Colledani et al. 2014). Quality needs to be assured at every steps of the manufacturing process. Configuration control process is applied at the initial stage of planning and designing. Positive feedback from suppliers, customers and other stakeholders leads to the final production. Quality audit is required at every stage of manufacturing when intermediaries are produced as well as final products (Kneese 2013). Any identified defect is rectified at the product manufacturing stage. This process can reduce the extent of defect and increase product reliability to satisfy the customer. Six sigma methods enlist all the data at each stage of product designing, manufacturing, auditing, product distribution in a statistical tool. ERP software is effective in managing data. This process reduces the burden of manual task and reduces error in both production and business operation (Chryssolouris 2013). The software is effective to find gap between expected and perceived service quality of CSR Sifang Co Ltd through standard deviation of data from a target level of service quality. Literature review of the quality regarding the process Quality management procedure is concerned with production and service quality, relationship with suppliers and the customers. Evans and Lindsay (2013) discussed about eight principles of service quality management. The eight principles are customer centric business policies, leadership, involvement of people, process approach, and system approach to management, continuous improvement, factual approach for decision making, and mutually beneficial relationship with the suppliers. Eight principles of quality management and benefits for an organisation An organisation needs to focus on customer satisfaction, their needs and expectation to increase revenue and market share. In order to implement this policy, effective communication with the customers is needed. Companies need to act according to the feedback of the customer. Braha (2013) opined that the company should follow a balanced approach so that the company can satisfy customers along with other stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, investors, local communities. However, customer loyalty is important for the business as it helps for repeat business. Talib (2013) advocated for leadership principle in the organisation. Leaders can motivate the employees regarding the goal and objective of the organisation. The leader can create such internal and external environment that facilitates the business process. Team collaboration, integrity can enhance team performance and the service quality of the company. A leader can lead at the manufacturing level, product design level or quality auditing level. Effective leadership can mitigate miscommunication among several stakeholders. Parast and Adams (2012) stated that involvement of the employees with the work process increases effectiveness of the organisation. A company needs to arrange proper training regarding effective service quality, increase in responsibilities to take challenging job, effective communication skills while dealing with customer complaints. Customers give value to the responsiveness of the company in addressing complaints. Process approach focuses on management of activities and resources efficiently to get desirable output. This process is helpful for risk management, which considers impact of each activity on the customers and suppliers. Another criterion for increasing operational efficiency is integration of different system within an organisation and continuous improvement of production, distribution and service delivery method. As mentioned by Stark (2015), factual approach is a approach, which enables a company to review, to take challenge and change previous ineffective decision. SERVQUAL model for quality management in a manufacturing firm Timmons and Huang (2016) stated in their research paper that understanding service quality has become a new demand for manufacturing firms as the operational process is associated with customer satisfaction. Manufacturing business firms generally follow business to business setting where a firm manufactures products to distribute those among consumers through another firms. Talib (2013) presented a service classification process for a manufacturing firm. Product oriented services Customers process oriented services Transaction based services Documentation Transport to client Installation / Commissioning Product-orientation training Help desk Problem identification Repairing spare parts Product updates Machine brokering Process oriented engineering such as tests, optimisation and simulation Spare parts management Process oriented training Business oriented training Business oriented consulting Relationship based services Preventive maintenance Condition monitoring Spare parts management Full maintenance contract Managing maintenance function Managing operation Table 3: Service classification process (Source: Lam et al. 2012) The researchers to evaluate service quality of an organisation extensively use SERVQUAL model. This model measures consumer perception about service quality. Jhandir (2012) cited that SERVQUAL process is based on five basic parameters such as responsiveness, reliability, assurance, empathy and tangibility. Reliability is the ability of the firm to deliver service or product efficiently (Rahman, Khan and Haque 2012). Responsiveness measures the willingness of the employees to provide immediate services. The employees give assurance to the customers regarding product quality, distribution and value speed service. It measures the ability of the employees to build trust among customers regarding product and service. Tangibility measures the quality of physical facilities, equipment, safety and appearance of the personnel. Empathy is the care and attention given by the employees for customer satisfaction. As opined by Jhandir (2012), SERVQUAL finds a gap between expected and perceived service quality on theses five dimensions. As stated by Goetsch and Davis (2014), Six Sigma is the product manufacturing and service delivery managing tools that is effective for business organisation. This tool focuses on the variability in manufacturing process, removing causes of defects and increase efficiency in product manufacturing, delivery. Oakland (2014) mentioned that this process creates a special environment in the organisation that facilitates the employees to produce better service and customer satisfaction. However, Kim, Kumar and Kumar (2012) criticised this process by stating that this process is inadequate for complex manufacturing. Moreover, this process reliant on the statistical tools. Although this process has drawback, still it is effective for quality control process for a manufacturing organisation. This process is directly associated with the customer satisfaction method. Six sigma processes has six standard deviations between the process mean nearest specified limit (Ross 2013). Mean of process mov es away from the centre with the increase in standard deviation. Quality issues with the ITO process CSR Sifang has faced several challenges in its operational process regarding quality of the products manufactured by this company. As the company export rolling stock of passenger coaches, bi-level cars, diesel locomotives to different countries including domestic country, consumers expect high quality products from this company. During 2013, Singapore returned 26 defective Chinese metro trains manufactured by CSR Sifang (Karnstedt and Winter 2015). The crack was found in the structure connecting between car body and bogie. This fault indicates gap in production quality management and monitoring system in this organisation. The company has failed to deploy total quality management system mentioned earlier. Vasagar, Mitchell and Whipp (2016) mentioned that the technical, manufacturing and quality assurance components in this company are unacceptable. It has been traced that defect was in the aluminium alloy using during manufacturing process (Timmons and Huang 2016). This incidence put the company under question regarding production quality management. CSR Sifang has been facing problems in the manufacturing process for several years. These problems show gaps in the ITO process in CSR Sifang. There is problem in input processing. The configuration control procedure is not effective to find loophole in the supply of quality raw materials. If defects cannot be mitigated at the initial stage, this can appear at a large volume later in the production process. Gap is there in the input transformation process. Decline in service quality also indicates decrease in service quality of CSR Sifang. There is lack of implementation of SERVQUAl model in the organisation. Inefficiency in management regulatory, lack of proper supervision, hiding quality problems from higher management, not meeting operational standard are possible causes of criticism (Shanka 2012). Moreover, as described in the literature review, five parameters of SERVQUAL model have not been achieved. Increasing fault in product fails to built reliability and tangibility of the product. However, CSR Sifang assures customers regarding improvement of the product in near future through technological up gradation. As the expectation of oversees customers are high, theses defects have significant impact on the business profitability as product quality is decreasing. There is a lack of six-sigma process in this company. There is no enterprise resource planning techniques, which can integrate data of planning, designing, manufacturing and distribution. Quality review techniques have not been implemented properly. The ERP software can identify the gap between expected and service quality (Jhandir 2012). There is gap in the distribution process also. There is lack of internal quality process to find out the defects before export and domestic use. If operation manager can identify possible faults, they can be mitigated at the initial level. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the report that CSR Sifang has been suffering from operational inefficiency for several years. Problems has been facing in configuration control process, product manufacturing process, input transforming process, quality auditing process and distribution process. Employees need to be more responsive in problem solving. Primary criteria for customer satisfaction are having good knowledge about the problem and solutions. Effective implementation of ERP system and risk management tools can reduce these issues. Deployment of effective software in production process can readily identify the defects as well as the gap in service quality. Quality auditing needs to be done throughout the production process starting from fitting panels, dynamics, functioning of electrical components, engine and wheel alignment. Environmental issues are also needed to keep in mind while doing quality auditing. Technological advancement in production will bring cost efficiency, increases efficiency and reduction in pollution. The company may face challenges during quality improvement in the absence of any required training to the employees. Problems may be faced during effective resource utilisation and cost minimisation process. Deployment of ERP software is also costly. Improvement in supply chain management in both demand and supply side can help to overcome these problems. Establishment of good relationship with the customers and raw material suppliers can be effective. Moreover, the company has to be aware while selecting suppliers. References: Braha, D. ed., 2013.Data mining for design and manufacturing: methods and applications(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Chryssolouris, G., 2013.Manufacturing systems: theory and practice. Springer Science Business Media. Colledani, M., Tolio, T., Fischer, A., Iung, B., Lanza, G., Schmitt, R. and Vancza, J., 2014. Design and management of manufacturing systems for production quality.CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,63(2), pp.773-796. Evans, J.R. and Lindsay, W.M., 2013.Managing for quality and performance excellence. Cengage Learning. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Jhandir, S.U., 2012. Customer satisfaction, perceived service quality and mediating role of perceived value.International Journal of Marketing Studies,4(1). Jhandir, S.U., 2012. 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